Who Analyses the Analyser? Self-Validating LLM Hazard Analysis with Constitutional Meta-STPA

The paper proposes Constitutional Meta-STPA, applying Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis to the LLM-assisted tool that performs safety analysis. Instead of asserting governance rules, the tool derives a constitution from a loss-to-hazard-to-UCA-to-constraint chain, producing 21 Tool Principles and 8 Meta-Safety Principles. It defines a constitution-marginal coverage operator over 29 principles and reports that a frontier ensemble of Claude Opus 4.8 and Claude Sonnet 4 recovered 18/21 canonical tool principles and all 8 governance principles. A weaker model pair recovered 12/21 and 3/8, respectively.