This paper studies a hypothetical total-automation economy in which humans are absent from both manufacturing and management. It asks whether such an economy should be centrally planned or decentralized among competing agents. The authors review Leonid Kantorovich’s use of linear programming and dualization, including the idea that efficient production can emerge from decentralized market decisions. They then examine alignment vulnerabilities when automated systems maximize output weighted by human market prices, and consider whether the same framework helps explain the usefulness and risks of agentic, multi-agent AI systems.
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